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David 1687
2021-05-08

IBM builds its first 2nm chip, how will TSMC and GAA processes be affected?

当日，IBM 于官网宣布推出全球首创的 2 纳米芯片技术，“为半导体领域开辟了新的领域”。况且，2nm 芯片因工艺特殊，对光刻机的要求也更为苛刻。此次 IBM 2nm GAA 芯片的问世，等于彻底打通了从 3nm 到 2nm 的路径。但此时与三星保持良好合作关系的 IBM ，突然宣布 2nm GAA 芯片研制成功，将局势逆转，对台积电的既定规划造成了冲击。

IBM builds its first 2nm chip, how will TSMC and GAA processes be affected?

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{"i18n":{"language":"en_US"},"data":{"magic":2,"id":107620950,"tweetId":"107620950","gmtCreate":1620483078770,"gmtModify":1704344271693,"author":{"id":3583563863440771,"idStr":"3583563863440771","authorId":3583563863440771,"authorIdStr":"3583563863440771","name":"David 1687","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/4b157762339ba1ee4ba36c63726ede25","vip":1,"userType":1,"introduction":"","boolIsFan":false,"boolIsHead":false,"crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[],"fanSize":1,"starInvestorFlag":false},"themes":[],"images":[],"coverImages":[],"extraTitle":"","html":"<html><head></head><body>?</body></html>","htmlText":"<html><head></head><body>?</body></html>","text":"?","highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/107620950","repostId":2133432685,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2133432685","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1620465440,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2133432685?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-05-08 17:17","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"IBM builds its first 2nm chip, how will TSMC and GAA processes be affected?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2133432685","media":"36氪","summary":"当日，IBM 于官网宣布推出全球首创的 2 纳米芯片技术，“为半导体领域开辟了新的领域”。况且，2nm 芯片因工艺特殊，对光刻机的要求也更为苛刻。此次 IBM 2nm GAA 芯片的问世，等于彻底打通了从 3nm 到 2nm 的路径。但此时与三星保持良好合作关系的 IBM ，突然宣布 2nm GAA 芯片研制成功，将局势逆转，对台积电的既定规划造成了冲击。","content":"<img src=\"https://fid-75186.picgzc.qpic.cn/20210508151733749v235tk5hnw90fg3\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"720\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IBM\">IBM</a>Standing at the forefront of the world, the chip industry has ushered in another milestone, and Moore's Law has been saved again. This is what happened in the global chip industry on May 6, 2021.On the same day, IBM announced the launch of the world's first 2-nanometer chip technology on its official website, \"opening up a new field for the semiconductor field.\" At present, there are only<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">TSMC</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>The research and development of 3nm process chips has been realized, and mass production has not yet been achieved. The 2nm chip is indeed the first in the industry. According to the situation disclosed by foreign media, the transistor density of IBM 2nm chips can reach 333 million per square millimeter (MTr/mm2). At the same time, judging from the pictures disclosed on IBM's official website, the 2nm chip uses the GAA (Gate-All-Around, surrounding gate transistor) process, which also lays a solid foundation for the subsequent popularization of this process.<img src=\"https://fid-75186.picgzc.qpic.cn/20210508151739312v235w0cgeruu1r1\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"738\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">Transistor density comparison reference compiled by foreign mediaFrom 3nm to 2nm, GAA is at the heart of this eventThe successful development of the 2nm chip means that all indicators will be greatly improved. IBM said: \"Compared with today's most advanced 7 nm node chips, it is expected to achieve 45% performance improvement or 75% energy consumption reduction.\" The announcement also posted a more specific comparison of potential performance advantages: the battery life of mobile phones is increased by three times, and users are only required to charge their devices every four days. Reduce the carbon footprint (referring to the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by individuals, events, organizations, services or products) of data centers that account for one percent of global energy usage; Faster processing of applications and faster access to the internet, greatly enhancing the functionality of your laptop. Helps self-driving cars speed up object detection and reduce reaction time.The above performance improvement and energy consumption reduction indicators are very important innovations and leaps for the entire semiconductor industry. But compared with the industry, it is still a beautiful dream that cannot be achieved in a short time.First of all, successful development does not mean successful mass production. Dr. Shao Wei, a former senior product manager of ARM's infrastructure business line and a former senior product manager of a major manufacturer, said: \"In the IBM (release) news, there was no mention of yield, so when will the entire industry really use 2nm? The manufacturing process still needs to wait for the news of mass production.\"In addition, \"the common customer endorsement link has also been missed in the news, so speculate that there are no customers yet. In the absence of customers, it is difficult to speculate how long it will take from development to mass production,\" Dr. Shao Wei added.Moreover, 2nm chips have more stringent requirements for lithography due to their special processes. It is reported that the new generation lithography of the Dutch company ASML is expected to be mass-produced by 2025, and its NA value will increase to 0.5, which is likely to be enough to support the mass production of 2nm support chips. If the news is true, it means that the industry will not have the basic mass production conditions of 2nm chips until 2025.In contrast, the application practice of this chip to GAA process is more meaningful. What is GAA? Dr. Nerissa Draeger described it in a previous interview as simple and easy to understand: \"A surround gate transistor (GAA) is an improved transistor structure in which all faces of the channel are in contact with the gate, so that continuous scaling can be achieved.\"Corresponding to GAA is FinFET (fin field effect transistor). FinFET is a key process for chips to gradually move from 22nm to 7nm and 5nm. Its inventor, Professor Hu Zhengming, is therefore called \"the man who saved Moore's Law.\" But after entering below 7nm, FinFET is approaching its limit, and the industry urgently needs new process technologies. At this time, GAA appeared.Samsung highly respects GAA, but the \"big brother\" TSMC seeks stability rather than speed. In August last year, TSMC stated that the company's 3nm will continue to use the previous FinFET, which also cast a shadow over the implementation and popularization of GAA. The advent of IBM's 2nm GAA chip is equivalent to completely opening up the path from 3nm to 2nm. Previously, people were still hesitating: Can GAA replace FinFET? Today, such questions have vanished with the advent of 2nm chips.\"This is a big progress. For the entire semiconductor industry, it can be regarded as a double insurance for GAA technology. At least there are not too many obstacles to the evolution of the process to 3nm/2nm, which is gratifying.\" Dr. Shao Wei said happily in the interview.TSMC, Samsung,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">Intel</a>The battle between the top threeIBM itself does not have the conditions and capabilities to mass-produce chips. Its 2nm chips will be handed over to high-end chip foundries in the form of authorization. This is not a remarkable thing, it is just a manifestation of the detailed division of labor in the industrial chain. But for TSMC, things are not that simple.Zhang Zhongmou, founder of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), once said at the \"2021 Master Think Tank Forum\" that TSMC's biggest competitor is still Samsung. And the two sides are indeed at loggerheads over the 3nm chip. According to media reports, Samsung has announced that it will invest more than US $100 billion in the next 10 years, with the goal of maintaining a leading position in the field of chip manufacturing by 2025.However, the reality is often unsatisfactory. Although Samsung claims to have paid attention to GAA and invested in research in 2002, there is still no exact time for the mass production of its 3nm GAA chip. On the other hand, TSMC, 3nm FinFET chips are expected to be mass-produced in 2022, and 2nm GAA chips are also under development. It seems that TSMC will still firmly sit on the throne of the world's number one chip foundry.But IBM, which maintained a good cooperative relationship with Samsung at this time, suddenly announced the successful development of the 2nm GAA chip, reversing the situation and having an impact on TSMC's established plan.Besides Samsung, Intel is also likely to participate in foundry production. Besides, Intel's entry into the foundry business is a \"surprise raid\". Previously, Pat Kissinger, the new CEO of Intel, even claimed to surpass TSMC within two years.The competition is more intense and the situation is more complicated. This is the future market facing TSMC.Fortunately, TSMC's real lifeblood lies in<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QCOM\">Qualcomm</a>Large orders. As long as you make small steps and run fast, you will not be greatly impacted by the emergence of IBM 2nm chips in the short term. \"Everyone (foundries and customers) generally align their goals for 3-5 years in advance. Apple won't mind the name 2nm/3nm, and the alignment is all about the detailed parameters,\" Dr. Shao Wei told InfoQ reporters. \"For Apple's production capacity demand, whoever takes the order has to process the factory and production line, at least 2 years in advance.\"For TSMC, the real battle may not be now, but in the next 3-5 years, there will be a tip-to-tip competition with \"challenger\" Samsung.","source":"tencent","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>IBM builds its first 2nm chip, how will TSMC and GAA processes be affected?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nIBM builds its first 2nm chip, how will TSMC and GAA processes be affected?\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n36氪2021-05-08 17:17\n\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<img src=\"https://fid-75186.picgzc.qpic.cn/20210508151733749v235tk5hnw90fg3\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"720\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IBM\">IBM</a>Standing at the forefront of the world, the chip industry has ushered in another milestone, and Moore's Law has been saved again. This is what happened in the global chip industry on May 6, 2021.On the same day, IBM announced the launch of the world's first 2-nanometer chip technology on its official website, \"opening up a new field for the semiconductor field.\" At present, there are only<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">TSMC</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>The research and development of 3nm process chips has been realized, and mass production has not yet been achieved. The 2nm chip is indeed the first in the industry. According to the situation disclosed by foreign media, the transistor density of IBM 2nm chips can reach 333 million per square millimeter (MTr/mm2). At the same time, judging from the pictures disclosed on IBM's official website, the 2nm chip uses the GAA (Gate-All-Around, surrounding gate transistor) process, which also lays a solid foundation for the subsequent popularization of this process.<img src=\"https://fid-75186.picgzc.qpic.cn/20210508151739312v235w0cgeruu1r1\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"738\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">Transistor density comparison reference compiled by foreign mediaFrom 3nm to 2nm, GAA is at the heart of this eventThe successful development of the 2nm chip means that all indicators will be greatly improved. IBM said: \"Compared with today's most advanced 7 nm node chips, it is expected to achieve 45% performance improvement or 75% energy consumption reduction.\" The announcement also posted a more specific comparison of potential performance advantages: the battery life of mobile phones is increased by three times, and users are only required to charge their devices every four days. Reduce the carbon footprint (referring to the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by individuals, events, organizations, services or products) of data centers that account for one percent of global energy usage; Faster processing of applications and faster access to the internet, greatly enhancing the functionality of your laptop. Helps self-driving cars speed up object detection and reduce reaction time.The above performance improvement and energy consumption reduction indicators are very important innovations and leaps for the entire semiconductor industry. But compared with the industry, it is still a beautiful dream that cannot be achieved in a short time.First of all, successful development does not mean successful mass production. Dr. Shao Wei, a former senior product manager of ARM's infrastructure business line and a former senior product manager of a major manufacturer, said: \"In the IBM (release) news, there was no mention of yield, so when will the entire industry really use 2nm? The manufacturing process still needs to wait for the news of mass production.\"In addition, \"the common customer endorsement link has also been missed in the news, so speculate that there are no customers yet. In the absence of customers, it is difficult to speculate how long it will take from development to mass production,\" Dr. Shao Wei added.Moreover, 2nm chips have more stringent requirements for lithography due to their special processes. It is reported that the new generation lithography of the Dutch company ASML is expected to be mass-produced by 2025, and its NA value will increase to 0.5, which is likely to be enough to support the mass production of 2nm support chips. If the news is true, it means that the industry will not have the basic mass production conditions of 2nm chips until 2025.In contrast, the application practice of this chip to GAA process is more meaningful. What is GAA? Dr. Nerissa Draeger described it in a previous interview as simple and easy to understand: \"A surround gate transistor (GAA) is an improved transistor structure in which all faces of the channel are in contact with the gate, so that continuous scaling can be achieved.\"Corresponding to GAA is FinFET (fin field effect transistor). FinFET is a key process for chips to gradually move from 22nm to 7nm and 5nm. Its inventor, Professor Hu Zhengming, is therefore called \"the man who saved Moore's Law.\" But after entering below 7nm, FinFET is approaching its limit, and the industry urgently needs new process technologies. At this time, GAA appeared.Samsung highly respects GAA, but the \"big brother\" TSMC seeks stability rather than speed. In August last year, TSMC stated that the company's 3nm will continue to use the previous FinFET, which also cast a shadow over the implementation and popularization of GAA. The advent of IBM's 2nm GAA chip is equivalent to completely opening up the path from 3nm to 2nm. Previously, people were still hesitating: Can GAA replace FinFET? Today, such questions have vanished with the advent of 2nm chips.\"This is a big progress. For the entire semiconductor industry, it can be regarded as a double insurance for GAA technology. At least there are not too many obstacles to the evolution of the process to 3nm/2nm, which is gratifying.\" Dr. Shao Wei said happily in the interview.TSMC, Samsung,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">Intel</a>The battle between the top threeIBM itself does not have the conditions and capabilities to mass-produce chips. Its 2nm chips will be handed over to high-end chip foundries in the form of authorization. This is not a remarkable thing, it is just a manifestation of the detailed division of labor in the industrial chain. But for TSMC, things are not that simple.Zhang Zhongmou, founder of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), once said at the \"2021 Master Think Tank Forum\" that TSMC's biggest competitor is still Samsung. And the two sides are indeed at loggerheads over the 3nm chip. According to media reports, Samsung has announced that it will invest more than US $100 billion in the next 10 years, with the goal of maintaining a leading position in the field of chip manufacturing by 2025.However, the reality is often unsatisfactory. Although Samsung claims to have paid attention to GAA and invested in research in 2002, there is still no exact time for the mass production of its 3nm GAA chip. On the other hand, TSMC, 3nm FinFET chips are expected to be mass-produced in 2022, and 2nm GAA chips are also under development. It seems that TSMC will still firmly sit on the throne of the world's number one chip foundry.But IBM, which maintained a good cooperative relationship with Samsung at this time, suddenly announced the successful development of the 2nm GAA chip, reversing the situation and having an impact on TSMC's established plan.Besides Samsung, Intel is also likely to participate in foundry production. Besides, Intel's entry into the foundry business is a \"surprise raid\". Previously, Pat Kissinger, the new CEO of Intel, even claimed to surpass TSMC within two years.The competition is more intense and the situation is more complicated. This is the future market facing TSMC.Fortunately, TSMC's real lifeblood lies in<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QCOM\">Qualcomm</a>Large orders. As long as you make small steps and run fast, you will not be greatly impacted by the emergence of IBM 2nm chips in the short term. \"Everyone (foundries and customers) generally align their goals for 3-5 years in advance. Apple won't mind the name 2nm/3nm, and the alignment is all about the detailed parameters,\" Dr. Shao Wei told InfoQ reporters. \"For Apple's production capacity demand, whoever takes the order has to process the factory and production line, at least 2 years in advance.\"For TSMC, the real battle may not be now, but in the next 3-5 years, there will be a tip-to-tip competition with \"challenger\" Samsung.\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n source：<a href=\"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN2021050815173977e6913f&s=b\">36氪</a>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8c95dc9b62af63b498dce2238fb18ba3","relate_stocks":{"159813":"芯片","EWT":"台湾ETF-iShares MSCI","TSM":"台积电","03145":"华夏亚洲高息股","IBM":"IBM"},"source_url":"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN2021050815173977e6913f&s=b","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/9a95c1376e76363c1401fee7d3717173","article_id":"2133432685","content_text":"IBM 站到世界的最前沿，芯片产业迎来又一个里程碑，摩尔定律再次被拯救，这就是 2021 年 5 月 6 日，全球芯片产业界所发生的事。当日，IBM 于官网宣布推出全球首创的 2 纳米芯片技术，“为半导体领域开辟了新的领域”。当下，业内只有台积电、三星实现了 3nm 制程芯片的研发，且尚未实现量产，2nm 芯片确为业界首创。根据外媒披露的情况来看，IBM 2nm 芯片的晶体管密度可以达到每平方毫米 3.33 亿个 (MTr/mm2)。同时，从 IBM 官网披露的图片来看，该 2nm 芯片采用了 GAA（Gate-All-Around，环绕栅极晶体管）工艺，也为该项工艺后续的普及打下了坚实的基础。由外媒整理的晶体管密度对比参考从 3nm 到 2nm，GAA 才是这一事件的核心2nm 芯片研制成功，意味着各项指标都会出现大幅提升。IBM 对外表示：“与当今最先进的 7 nm 节点芯片相比，预计它将实现 45％的性能提高或 75％的能耗降低。”公告同时贴出了更加具体的潜在性能优势对比：手机电池寿命增加三倍，仅要求用户每四天为设备充电一次。削减数据中心的碳足迹（指由个人、事件、组织、服务或产品造成的温室气体总排放量），这些数据中心占全球能源使用量的百分之一；更快地处理应用程序，更快地访问互联网，极大增强笔记本电脑的功能。有助于 自动驾驶汽车加快物体检测速度，降低反应时间。以上性能提升和能耗降低指标，对于整个半导体行业而言，都是非常重要的创新和飞跃。但相对于产业界来说，却仍然是个短时间内无法企及的美好梦想。首先，研制成功不等于量产成功。前 ARM 公司基础设施事业线高级产品经理、某大厂前高级产品经理邵巍博士表示：“在 IBM（发布）的新闻中，没有提到良率问题，因此整个业界什么时候能够真正用上 2nm 的制程，还需要等待量产的消息。”此外，“新闻中也漏掉了常见的客户背书环节，因此推测一下，暂时还无客户。在无客户的情况下， 很难推测从研制到量产需要多久”，邵巍博士补充道。况且，2nm 芯片因工艺特殊，对光刻机的要求也更为苛刻。有消息称，荷兰 ASML 公司的全新一代光刻机预计到 2025 年量产，其 NA 值提升到 0.5 ，很可能足以支撑 2nm 支撑芯片的量产。如果消息属实，意味着，到 2025 年产业界才具备 2nm 芯片的基础量产条件。相比之下，该芯片对 GAA 工艺的应用实践，反而更具意义。什么是 GAA 呢？Nerissa Draeger 博士在此前的一篇采访中形容的较为简洁易懂：“环绕栅极晶体管 (GAA) 是一种经过改良的晶体管结构，其中通道的所有面都与栅极接触，这样就可以实现连续缩放。”与 GAA 相对应的是 FinFET（鳍式场效应晶体管），FinFET 是芯片从 22nm 逐步进军 7nm、5nm 的关键工艺，其发明人胡正明教授因此被称作“挽救了摩尔定律的男人”。可在进入 7nm 以下后，FinFET 逼近极限，产业界迫切需要新的工艺技术。这时，GAA 出现了。三星对 GAA 极为推崇，但“老大哥”台积电则求稳不求快。去年 8 月，台积电对外表示，公司的 3nm 将继续沿用之前的 FinFET，这也为 GAA 的落地、普及蒙上了一层阴影。此次 IBM 2nm GAA 芯片的问世，等于彻底打通了从 3nm 到 2nm 的路径。此前，人们还在犹豫：GAA 能否替代 FinFET？如今，这样的疑问随着 2nm 芯片的问世烟消云散。“这是一个大进步，对于整个半导体业界来说，算是对 GAA 技术的双保险，至少工艺制程演进到 3nm/2nm 不存在太多障碍了，可喜可贺。”邵巍博士在采访中高兴地说道。台积电、三星、英特尔的三强之争IBM 本身并不具备量产芯片的条件和能力， 其 2nm 芯片会通过授权的形式，交给高端芯片代工厂商来完成。这本来不是什么了不得的事，仅仅是产业链分工细化的表现。但对于台积电而言，事情就没那么简单了。台积电（TSMC）创始人张忠谋在“2021 大师智库论坛”曾表示，台积电最大的竞争对手仍然是三星。而双方也确实在 3nm 芯片这一阵地剑拔弩张。据媒体报道，三星曾对外宣布未来 10 年投资超 1000 亿美元，目标到 2025 年在芯片制造领域内保持领先。不过现实往往不遂人愿，虽然三星自称在 2002 年就对 GAA 保持关注并投入研究，但其 3nm GAA 芯片的量产至今仍无确切时间。反观台积电，3nm FinFET 芯片预计 2022 就可以实现量产，2nm GAA 芯片也在研制中。看样子，台积电还将稳坐全球芯片代工第一的宝座。但此时与三星保持良好合作关系的 IBM ，突然宣布 2nm GAA 芯片研制成功，将局势逆转，对台积电的既定规划造成了冲击。除了三星，英特尔也很可能参与到代工生产中来，况且英特尔入局代工生意本就属于“突袭”，此前英特尔新任 CEO 帕特・基辛格更是宣称 2 年内超越台积电。竞争更加激烈，局势更加复杂，这就是台积电面对的未来市场。好在台积电的真正命脉在于苹果、高通的大笔订单。只要做好小步快跑，短期内并不会因为 IBM 2nm 芯片的出现收到较大冲击。“大家（代工厂商与客户）一般都会提前对齐 3-5 年的目标，苹果不会介意 2nm/3nm 这种名字，对齐的都是跟细节的参数”，邵巍博士对 InfoQ 记者说道，“苹果那个产能需求量， 谁接了单，都得加工厂、加生产线， 至少提前 2 年。”对于台积电而言，真正的战役可能不在当下，而是在未来的 3 - 5 年内，与“挑战者”三星来一场针尖对麦芒的比拼。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"159813":0.9,"EWT":0.9,"03145":0.9,"TSM":0.9,"TWmain":0.9,"IBM":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2120,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":1,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"hasMoreComment":false,"orderType":2}