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- Goldman2Goldman2
  ·2022-02-11
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- Goldman2Goldman2
  ·2021-03-22
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  The central banks of the three countries were forced to rate hike. Is big inflation really coming?
  如此变局之下，中国如何应对？
  The central banks of the three countries were forced to rate hike. Is big inflation really coming?
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Is big inflation really coming?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThe central banks of the three countries were forced to rate hike. Is big inflation really coming?\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">每日经济新闻</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-03-22 07:31</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><div>Recently, the Biden administration passed a $1.9 trillion fiscal stimulus, and Americans have spent double money again. Superimposing the $2.2 trillion CARES Act of the Trump administration in March last year and the additional $900 billion fiscal stimulus in December last year, the scale of fiscal stimulus measures of the U.S. government has reached $5 trillion in just one year. It is equivalent to 25% of the total nominal GDP of the United States in the past year and 31% of China's total nominal GDP last year. Against the background of such a big release, the recent rise in US Treasury yields has put pressure on many emerging markets, including Turkey's. Developed vs. Developing...</p><p><a href=\"http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2021-03-22/1664231.html\">Web link</a></div></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2021-03-22/1664231.html\">每日经济新闻</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/56ae416e150fc4fe7027cdc960eea8d4","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯","000001.SH":"上证指数"},"source_url":"http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2021-03-22/1664231.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2121140260","content_text":"最近，拜登政府通过了一笔1.9万亿美元的财政刺激，美国人又双撒钱了，叠加去年3月特朗普政府的2.2万亿美元CARES法案，以及去年12月追加的9000亿美元财政刺激，短短一年内，美国政府的财政刺激措施规模就达到5万亿美元。它相当美国过去一年名义GDP总量的25%，相当于我国去年一年名义GDP总量的31%。如此大放水的背景下，近期美债利率上升使得包括土耳其在内的许多新兴市场承压。发达国家与发展中国家的策略选择形成了鲜明的对比。在发达的欧洲，欧洲央行的购债步伐还在加快，意味着强权货币进入到超大规模释放阶段；而巴西、土耳其和俄罗斯等新兴市场经济体选择被迫加息。在这一攻一防的背后，是强权货币带来的物价飙升和新兴市场的汇率风险。2月份巴西通胀率触及4.6%，2月土耳其年化通胀率已升至15.6%。阿根廷今年头两个月的通货膨胀率均达到8%。据联合国粮农组织表示，2021年2月，粮价指数已经实现了“9连涨”，指数增值116，较1月上涨了2.4%，较2020年同期上涨了26.5%。此外，3月的第一周，新兴市场近半年来首次出现单日资金流出，每日资金流出约2.9亿美元(折合人民币近19亿)。而比较有意思的是，土耳其央行行长因加息被撤。如此变局之下，大通胀真的来了吗？中国又该如何应对？阿根廷物价缩影据央视财经最新报道，在南美洲第三大经济体阿根廷，受新冠疫情和经济滞涨等多重因素影响，食品价格近期出现较大幅度上涨。越来越多阿根廷民众表示支付不起基本生活费用。阿根廷的经济在2020年萎缩了10%，今年头两个月的通货膨胀率均达到8%。特别是食品价格近期涨幅惊人。与去年下半年相比，眼下，阿根廷水果的平均价格增长了228%；土豆的价格增长了114%，肉类的平均价格增长了103%，蔬菜类的价格也增长了88%。图片来源：央视财经其实，阿根廷的情况可能只是新兴市场的一个缩影。巴西国家地理统计局公布的数据显示，巴西去年1至11月间市场上食物价格上涨了16%，其中巴西人的主食――大米和黑豆的价格分别上涨了70%和40%。根据韩国统计厅的最新数据，今年2月韩国的食品价格同比上涨了9.7%，创下了9年零6个月以来的最大涨幅。2月韩国大葱和鸡蛋的售价同比分别上涨227.5%和41.7%。彭博社的数据显示，全球食品价格不断上涨，且涨势超过通胀和收入增加速度。今年1月全球食品价格创下6年以来的新高。印尼豆腐价格比去年12月上涨30%，俄罗斯食糖的价格比一年前升高61%。图片来源：央视财经即使是在美国，食品价格亦出现大涨。根据美国农业部经济研究局的数据，大流行使供应链陷入困境，并在2020年将家中食品的平均价格推高了3.5%。据联合国粮农组织表示，2021年2月，粮价指数已经实现了“9连涨”，指数增值116，较1月上涨了2.4%，较2020年同期上涨了26.5%，是自2014年7月以来的又一“新高”。具体上来看，2月份糖和植物油的涨势尤为强劲，这具体是因为产量低于预期，以及部分地区出口供应趋紧。在谷物、乳制品和肉类方面，2月份的总体价格指数环比升幅不大，但主要谷物价格与去年同期相比，涨幅则就比较显著了。今年2月份，国际高粱价格同比上涨82.1%，国际玉米价格同比上涨45.5%，小麦价格同比上涨19.8%。 图片来源：央视财经三大央行被迫加息对于许多新兴市场经济体来说，眼下疫情依然严重、经济脆弱、债务负担沉重，并非加息良机。此时加息将导致经济部门融资条件过早收紧，不利于经济复苏。但为防止资本外流、遏制本币贬值和高通胀，巴西等国央行近日意外宣布加息。巴西中央银行17日宣布，将基准利率从2%上调至2.75%。这是巴西央行自2015年7月以来首次加息。虽然目前巴西的疫情依然很严重，经济也没有恢复，但通胀却不断上升。巴西经济部当天宣布，将巴西今年通胀预期上调至4.4%，主要原因是食品价格大幅攀升。巴西央行15日报告预计今年通胀率可能达到4.6%。巴西央行最新公布的经济学家调查显示，2月份巴西通胀率四年来首次超过5%，预计今年将触及4.6%。而巴西国家货币委员会设定的2021年通胀率管理目标中值为3.75%，允许上下浮动1.5个百分点。巴西加息可能还有另外一个原因，跟发达国家比起来，许多新兴市场的货币政策风险更大。在美国经济强劲复苏带动长期美债收益率上升的情况下，资金会从风险较高的新兴市场撤离。土耳其央行18日也将基准利率提高至19%。数据显示，截至今年2月土耳其年化通胀率已升至15.6%，土耳其里拉对美元汇率与2018年年初相比贬值逾50%。俄罗斯中央银行19日宣布，将基准利率提高0.25个百分点至4.5%。这是俄罗斯自2018年年底以来首次提高基准利率。俄央行指出，此举旨在应对迅速上升的通货膨胀并稳固本国货币。随着发达经济体央行持续“放水”，那些遭受疫情严重打击的新兴市场经济体将面临更加严峻的内外环境，复苏之路或将更加曲折和漫长。土耳其央行行长因加息被免职而值得关注的是，土耳其央行行长刚加了息，就被炒了鱿鱼。加息之后，周六，刚刚上任4个月的土耳其央行行长Naci Agbal再遭解雇，成为两年里被开掉的第三位央行行长。自2020年11月Agbal上任以来，土耳其央行大幅加息以抗击通胀，基准利率已累计上调875个基点。去年11月，基准利率由10.25%被上调至15%，随后又在12月上调至17%。就在周六Agbal被宣布解除职务的两天前，他刚刚将利率再次上调200个基点，一度获得市场赞许。但是，Agbal不断加息的做法与土耳其总统埃尔多安意见相左。埃尔多安认为，恰恰加息才是导致通胀的原因，要求保持低利率以刺激经济增长。根据土耳其官方公报公布的总统令，Agbal的职位将由Sahap Kavcioglu接任。Kavcioglu曾是埃尔多安领导的正义与发展党议员，也是亲政府报纸Yeni Safak的专栏作家。他一直以来批评央行的加息举措，上月在其专栏中写道，“加息将间接导致通胀上升”。在另一篇文章中，他表示“我们的国家总是在高利率中吃亏”。为什么要突然加息？市场分析人士认为，发达经济体为推动本国经济复苏继续采取超宽松货币政策，将进一步推升通胀预期，造成长期国债收益率水平继续上升、金融市场波动加大，其流动性过剩带来的外溢影响将进一步显现。在这种背景下，尽管仍深受新冠疫情影响，一些新兴市场经济体为抑制本币贬值和高通胀，不得不及早加息。在发达经济体普遍采取超宽松货币政策的背景下，国际资本市场流动性泛滥，投资者通胀预期增强，纷纷抛售美国长期国债等债券，导致其价格下跌、收益率上扬，进而造成全球金融市场波动加剧。随着美国经济在大放水之下快速复苏，近期美债利率上升使得包括土耳其在内的许多新兴市场承压。今年2月中旬以来，欧美主要市场长期国债收益率加速上行。2月12日至25日，德国10年期国债收益率上涨约20个基点。今年以来，美国10年期国债收益率已累计上涨约80个基点，3月18日一天就大涨6.6个基点。分析人士认为，美债收益率继续上行可能会引起全球市场资本流动逆转和汇率剧烈波动，导致受疫情严重冲击、公共财政状况较差的新兴市场经济体面临资金外流、债务违约等风险。许多投资者抛售新兴市场货币以购买美元，导致前者急剧贬值，这增加了新兴市场国家偿还美元债务的成本，从而威胁其金融体系的稳定。国际金融协会日前发布的每日跨境资金流动报告显示，3月的第一周，新兴市场近半年来首次出现单日资金流出，每日资金流出约2.9亿美元。该机构表示，近期美债收益率的抬升放大市场恐慌，新兴市场股市、债市出现的国际资金净流出正是投资者对市场担忧的最好例证。高盛经济学家Alberto Ramos对此评论称：“全球货币背景正在发生变化，而不幸的是，必须为此做出反应的经济体恰恰是那些最脆弱的经济体。”中国货币政策有何最新信号？相比于上述几个新兴市场经济体，我国CPI中的食品价格指数最近维持稳定，其中二月份还出现了小幅下滑的情况。3月20日，人民银行行长易纲出席中国发展高层论坛圆桌会，会上，易纲就货币政策操作空间和推动绿色金融发展发表最新看法。易纲强调，我国有较大的货币政策调控空间。中国货币政策始终保持在正常区间，工具手段充足，利率水平适中。我们需要珍惜和用好正常的货币政策空间，保持政策的连续性、稳定性和可持续性。易纲行长讲话要点：1、我们有较大的货币政策调控空间。中国货币政策始终保持在正常区间，工具手段充足，利率水平适中。2、中国的货币政策处于正常区间，在提供流动性和合适的利率水平方面具有空间。3、货币政策既要关注总量，也要关注结构，加强对重点领域、薄弱环节的定向支持。4、货币政策需要在支持经济增长与防范风险之间平衡。中国的宏观杠杆率基本保持稳定，在为经济主体提供正向激励的同时，抑制金融风险的滋生和积累。5、实现碳中和需要巨量投资，要以市场化的方式，引导金融体系提供所需要的投融资支持。对于实现碳达峰和碳中和的资金需求，各方面有不少测算，规模级别都是百万亿人民币。这样巨大的资金需求，政府资金只能覆盖很小一部分，缺口要靠市场资金弥补。6、绿色转型可能使高碳排放的资产价值下跌，影响企业和金融机构的资产质量。一方面，这会增加金融机构的信用风险、市场风险和流动性风险，进而影响整个金融体系的稳定。另一方面，这可能影响货币政策空间和传导渠道，扰动经济增速、生产率等变量，导致评估货币政策立场更为复杂。7、央行正在与欧方共同推动绿色分类标准的国际趋同，争取年内出台一套共同的分类标准。8、正在研究在对金融机构的压力测试中，系统性地考虑气候变化因素。货币政策方面，正在研究通过优惠利率、绿色专项再贷款等支持工具，激励金融机构为碳减排提供资金支持。9、外汇储备投资方面，将继续增加对绿色债券的配置，控制投资高碳资产，在投资风险管理框架中纳入气候风险因素。10、央行已经指导试点金融机构测算项目的碳排放量，评估项目的气候、环境风险；已按季评价银行绿色信贷情况，正在研究评价金融机构开展绿色信贷、绿色债券等的业绩。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"000001.SH":0.9,".DJI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3801,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"defaultTab":"followers","isTTM":true}